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<span class="edit_btn">
<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/edit/master/command/readelf.md">纠正错误</a> 
<span class="split"></span>
<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/jaywcjlove/linux-command/edit/master/command/readelf.md">添加实例</a>
</span>

<h1 id="readelf">readelf</h1><p>用于显示elf格式文件的信息</p>
<h2 id="补充说明">补充说明</h2><p><strong>readelf命令</strong> 用来显示一个或者多个elf格式的目标文件的信息，可以通过它的选项来控制显示哪些信息。这里的elf-file(s)就表示那些被检查的文件。可以支持32位，64位的elf格式文件，也支持包含elf文件的文档（这里一般指的是使用ar命令将一些elf文件打包之后生成的例如lib*.a之类的“静态库”文件）。 </p>
<p>这个程序和objdump提供的功能类似，但是它显示的信息更为具体，并且它不依赖BFD库(BFD库是一个GNU项目，它的目标就是希望通过一种统一的接口来处理不同的目标文件)，所以即使BFD库有什么bug存在的话也不会影响到readelf程序。 </p>
<p>运行readelf的时候，除了-v和-H之外，其它的选项必须有一个被指定。 </p>
<h3 id="elf文件类型">ELF文件类型</h3><p> <strong>种类型的ELF文件：</strong> </p>
<ol>
<li><p>可重定位文件:用户和其他目标文件一起创建可执行文件或者共享目标文件,例如lib*.a文件。 </p>
</li>
<li><p>可执行文件：用于生成进程映像，载入内存执行,例如编译好的可执行文件a.out。 </p>
</li>
<li><p>共享目标文件：用于和其他共享目标文件或者可重定位文件一起生成elf目标文件或者和执行文件一起创建进程映像，例如lib*.so文件。 </p>
<p><strong>ELF文件作用：</strong> </p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>ELF文件参与程序的连接(建立一个程序)和程序的执行(运行一个程序)，所以可以从不同的角度来看待elf格式的文件： </p>
<ol>
<li><p>如果用于编译和链接（可重定位文件），则编译器和链接器将把elf文件看作是节头表描述的节的集合,程序头表可选。 </p>
</li>
<li><p>如果用于加载执行（可执行文件），则加载器则将把elf文件看作是程序头表描述的段的集合，一个段可能包含多个节，节头表可选。 </p>
</li>
<li><p>如果是共享文件，则两者都含有。 </p>
<p><strong>ELF文件总体组成：</strong>  </p>
</li>
</ol>
<p>elf文件头描述elf文件的总体信息。包括：系统相关，类型相关，加载相关，链接相关。 </p>
<ul>
<li>系统相关表示：elf文件标识的魔术数，以及硬件和平台等相关信息，增加了elf文件的移植性,使交叉编译成为可能。 </li>
<li>类型相关就是前面说的那个类型。 </li>
<li>加载相关：包括程序头表相关信息。 </li>
<li>链接相关：节头表相关信息。 </li>
</ul>
<h3 id="选项">选项</h3><pre><code class="language-shell">-a 
--all 显示全部信息,等价于 -h -l -S -s -r -d -V -A -I. 

-h 
--file-header 显示elf文件开始的文件头信息. 

-l 
--program-headers  
--segments 显示程序头（段头）信息<span class="token punctuation">(</span>如果有的话<span class="token punctuation">)</span>。 

-S 
--section-headers  
--sections 显示节头信息<span class="token punctuation">(</span>如果有的话<span class="token punctuation">)</span>。 

-g 
--section-groups 显示节组信息<span class="token punctuation">(</span>如果有的话<span class="token punctuation">)</span>。 

-t 
--section-details 显示节的详细信息<span class="token punctuation">(</span>-S的<span class="token punctuation">)</span>。 

-s 
--syms        
--symbols 显示符号表段中的项（如果有的话）。 

-e 
--headers 显示全部头信息，等价于: -h -l -S 

-n 
--notes 显示note段（内核注释）的信息。 

-r 
--relocs 显示可重定位段的信息。 

-u 
--unwind 显示unwind段信息。当前只支持IA64 ELF的unwind段信息。 

-d 
--dynamic 显示动态段的信息。 

-V 
--version-info 显示版本段的信息。 

-A 
--arch-specific 显示CPU构架信息。 

-D 
--use-dynamic 使用动态段中的符号表显示符号，而不是使用符号段。 

-x <span class="token operator">&lt;</span>number or name<span class="token operator">></span> 
--hex-dump<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token operator">&lt;</span>number or name<span class="token operator">></span> 以16进制方式显示指定段内内容。number指定段表中段的索引,或字符串指定文件中的段名。 

-w<span class="token punctuation">[</span>liaprmfFsoR<span class="token punctuation">]</span> or 
--debug-dump<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token operator">=</span>line,<span class="token operator">=</span>info,<span class="token operator">=</span>abbrev,<span class="token operator">=</span>pubnames,<span class="token operator">=</span>aranges,<span class="token operator">=</span>macro,<span class="token operator">=</span>frames,<span class="token operator">=</span>frames-interp,<span class="token operator">=</span>str,<span class="token operator">=</span>loc,<span class="token operator">=</span>Ranges<span class="token punctuation">]</span> 显示调试段中指定的内容。 

-I 
--histogram 显示符号的时候，显示bucket list长度的柱状图。 

-v 
--version 显示readelf的版本信息。 

-H 
--help 显示readelf所支持的命令行选项。 

-W 
--wide 宽行输出。 

@file 可以将选项集中到一个文件中，然后使用这个@file选项载入。 </code></pre>
<h3 id="实例">实例</h3><p>先给出如下例子：</p>
<p> <strong>1.对于可执行文件形式的elf格式文件：</strong> </p>
<p>1)查看可执行程序的源代码如下： </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">root@localhost <span class="token punctuation">[</span>test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; <span class="token function">cat</span> main.cpp 
<span class="token comment">#include &lt;iostream> </span>
using std::cout<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
using std::endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
void my_print<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 

int main<span class="token punctuation">(</span>int argc, char *argv<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> 
        my_print<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
        cout<span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="token string">"hello!"</span><span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
        <span class="token keyword">return</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> 

void  my_print<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> 
        cout<span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="token string">"print!"</span><span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre>
<p>2)编译如下： </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; g++ main.cpp -o main 
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; g++ -g main.cpp -o main.debug </code></pre>
<p>3)编译之后，查看生成的文件： </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; <span class="token function">ls</span> -l 
总计 64 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 quietheart quietheart  6700 07-07 18:04 main 
-rw-r--r-- 1 quietheart quietheart   201 07-07 18:02 main.cpp 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 quietheart quietheart 38932 07-07 18:04 main.debug </code></pre>
<p>这里，main.debug是带有调试信息的可执行文件，main是一般的可执行文件。 </p>
<p> <strong>2.对于库文件形式的elf格式文件：</strong> </p>
<p>1)查看库的源代码如下： </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">//myfile.h 
<span class="token comment">#ifndef __MYFILE_H </span>
<span class="token comment">#define __MYFILE_H </span>
void printInfo<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
<span class="token comment">#endif </span>

//myfile.cpp 
<span class="token comment">#include "myfile.h" </span>
<span class="token comment">#include &lt;iostream> </span>
using std::cout<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
using std::endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
void printInfo<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
<span class="token punctuation">{</span> 
    cout<span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span><span class="token string">"hello"</span><span class="token operator">&lt;&lt;</span>endl<span class="token punctuation">;</span> 
<span class="token punctuation">}</span> </code></pre>
<p>2)编译如下： </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; g++ -c myfile.cpp 
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; g++ -shared -fPCI -o libmy.so myfile.o 
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; ar -r libmy.a myfile.o 
ar: creating libmy.a </code></pre>
<p>3)编译之后，查看生成的文件： </p>
<p>[root@localhost test]$ ls -l </p>
<p>总计 44 </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">-rw-r--r-- 1 quietheart quietheart 2154 07-08 16:14 libmy.a 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 quietheart quietheart 5707 07-08 16:08 libmy.so 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 quietheart quietheart  117 07-08 16:06 myfile.cpp 
-rwxr-xr-x 1 quietheart quietheart   63 07-08 16:08 myfile.h 
-rw-r--r-- 1 quietheart quietheart 2004 07-08 16:08 myfile.o 
libmy.a  libmy.so  myfile.cpp  myfile.h  myfile.o </code></pre>
<p>这里，分别生成目标文件myfile.o，共享库文件libmy.so，和静态库文件libmy.a。 </p>
<p>基于以上可执行文件和库，这里给出一些常用的命令。 </p>
<p> <strong>读取可执行文件形式的elf文件头信息：</strong> </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; readelf -h main 
ELF Header: 
  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
  Class:                             ELF32 
  Data:                              2's complement, little endian 
  Version:                           1 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>current<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V 
  ABI Version:                       0 
  type:                              <span class="token function">exec</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Executable file<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Machine:                           Intel 80386 
  Version:                           0x1 
  Entry point address:               0x8048580 
  Start of program headers:          52 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes into file<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Start of section headers:          3232 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes into file<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Flags:                             0x0 
  Size of this header:               52 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Size of program headers:           32 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Number of program headers:         8 
  Size of section headers:           40 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Number of section headers:         29 
  Section header string table index: 26 </code></pre>
<p>这里，可见可执行文件的elf文件，其类型为EXEC(可执行文件)。另外，含调试信息的&quot;main.debug&quot;和不含调试信息的&quot;main&quot;除了一些大小信息之外，其内容是一样的。并且由此可见文件的体系结构为Intel 80386。 </p>
<p> <strong>读取目标文件形式的elf文件头信息：</strong> </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; readelf -h myfile.o 
ELF Header: 
  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
  Class:                             ELF32 
  Data:                              2's complement, little endian 
  Version:                           1 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>current<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V 
  ABI Version:                       0 
  Type:                              REL <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Relocatable file<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Machine:                           Intel 80386 
  Version:                           0x1 
  Entry point address:               0x0 
  Start of program headers:          0 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes into file<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Start of section headers:          516 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes into file<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Flags:                             0x0 
  Size of this header:               52 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Size of program headers:           0 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Number of program headers:         0 
  Size of section headers:           40 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Number of section headers:         15 
  Section header string table index: 12 </code></pre>
<p>这里，可见目标文件的elf文件，其类型为REL(可重定位文件)。 </p>
<p> <strong>读取静态库文件形式的elf文件头信息：</strong> </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; readelf -h libmy.a 
File: libmy.a<span class="token punctuation">(</span>myfile.o<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
ELF Header: 
  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
  Class:                             ELF32 
  Data:                              2's complement, little endian 
  Version:                           1 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>current<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V 
  ABI Version:                       0 
  Type:                              REL <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Relocatable file<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Machine:                           Intel 80386 
  Version:                           0x1 
  Entry point address:               0x0 
  Start of program headers:          0 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes into file<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Start of section headers:          516 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes into file<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Flags:                             0x0 
  Size of this header:               52 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Size of program headers:           0 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Number of program headers:         0 
  Size of section headers:           40 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Number of section headers:         15 
  Section header string table index: 12 </code></pre>
<p>这里，可见静态库文件的elf文件，其类型为REL(可重定位文件)。 </p>
<p> <strong>读取动态库文件形式的elf文件头信息：</strong> </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; readelf -h libmy.so 
ELF Header: 
  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
  Class:                             ELF32 
  Data:                              2's complement, little endian 
  Version:                           1 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>current<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V 
  ABI Version:                       0 
  Type:                              DYN <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Shared object file<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Machine:                           Intel 80386 
  Version:                           0x1 
  Entry point address:               0x550 
  Start of program headers:          52 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes into file<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Start of section headers:          2768 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes into file<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Flags:                             0x0 
  Size of this header:               52 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Size of program headers:           32 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Number of program headers:         5 
  Size of section headers:           40 <span class="token punctuation">(</span>bytes<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  Number of section headers:         27 
  Section header string table index: 24 </code></pre>
<p>这里，可见动态库文件的elf文件，其类型为DYN(共享目标文件)。 </p>
<p> <strong>查看可执行的elf文件程序头表信息：</strong> </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; readelf -l main 
Elf <span class="token function">file</span> <span class="token function">type</span> is EXEC <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Executable file<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
Entry point 0x8048580 
There are 8 program headers, starting at offset 52 

Program Headers: 
  Type           Offset   VirtAddr   PhysAddr   FileSiz MemSiz  Flg Align 
  PHDR           0x000034 0x08048034 0x08048034 0x00100 0x00100 R E 0x4 
  INTERP         0x000134 0x08048134 0x08048134 0x00013 0x00013 R   0x1 
      Requesting program interpreter: /lib/<span class="token punctuation">[</span>ld-linux.so.2<span class="token punctuation">]</span> 
  LOAD           0x000000 0x08048000 0x08048000 0x00970 0x00970 R E 0x1000 
  LOAD           0x000970 0x08049970 0x08049970 0x00130 0x001c8 RW  0x1000 
  DYNAMIC        0x000988 0x08049988 0x08049988 0x000e0 0x000e0 RW  0x4 
  NOTE           0x000148 0x08048148 0x08048148 0x00020 0x00020 R   0x4 
  GNU_EH_FRAME   0x000820 0x08048820 0x08048820 0x00044 0x00044 R   0x4 
  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x00000 RW  0x4 

Section to Segment mapping: 
  Segment Sections<span class="token punctuation">..</span>. 
   00     
   01     .interp 
   02     .interp .note.ABI-tag .gnu.hash .dynsym .dynstr .gnu.version .gnu.version_r .rel.dyn .rel.plt .init .plt .text .fini .rodata .eh_frame_hdr .eh_frame 
   03     .ctors .dtors .jcr .dynamic .got .got.plt .data .bss 
   04     .dynamic 
   05     .note.ABI-tag 
   06     .eh_frame_hdr 
   07     </code></pre>
<p>这里，含调试信息的&quot;main.debug&quot;和不含调试信息的&quot;main&quot;其内容是一样的。 </p>
<p> *<em>查看目标文件的elf文件程序头表信息： *</em> </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; readelf -l myfile.o 
There are no program headers <span class="token keyword">in</span> this file. </code></pre>
<p>这里可知，可重定位的目标文件，它没程序头表。 </p>
<p> <strong>查看静态库文件的elf文件程序头表信息：</strong> </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; readelf -l libmy.a 
File: libmy.a<span class="token punctuation">(</span>myfile.o<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
There are no program headers <span class="token keyword">in</span> this file. </code></pre>
<p>这里可知，可重定位的静态库文件，它没程序头表。 </p>
<p> <strong>查看动态库文件的elf文件程序头表信息：</strong> </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; readelf -l libmy.so 
Elf <span class="token function">file</span> <span class="token function">type</span> is DYN <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Shared object file<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
Entry point 0x550 
There are 5 program headers, starting at offset 52 

Program Headers: 
  Type           Offset   VirtAddr   PhysAddr   FileSiz MemSiz  Flg Align 
  LOAD           0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x007f4 0x007f4 R E 0x1000 
  LOAD           0x0007f4 0x000017f4 0x000017f4 0x0011c 0x00128 RW  0x1000 
  DYNAMIC        0x000810 0x00001810 0x00001810 0x000e0 0x000e0 RW  0x4 
  GNU_EH_FRAME   0x000738 0x00000738 0x00000738 0x0002c 0x0002c R   0x4 
  GNU_STACK      0x000000 0x00000000 0x00000000 0x00000 0x00000 RW  0x4 

Section to Segment mapping: 
  Segment Sections<span class="token punctuation">..</span>. 
   00     .gnu.hash .dynsym .dynstr .gnu.version .gnu.version_r .rel.dyn .rel.plt .init .plt .text .fini .rodata .eh_frame_hdr .eh_frame 
   01     .ctors .dtors .jcr .data.rel.ro .dynamic .got .got.plt .bss 
   02     .dynamic 
   03     .eh_frame_hdr 
   04     </code></pre>
<p>这里可知，做为共享目标文件的动态库，它程序头表。 </p>
<p> <strong>查看一个可执行的elf文件的节信息：</strong> </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; readelf -S main 
There are 29 section headers, starting at offset 0xca0: 
Section Headers: 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Nr<span class="token punctuation">]</span> Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">]</span>                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 1<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .interp           PROGBITS        08048134 000134 000013 00   A  0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 2<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .note.ABI-tag     NOTE            08048148 000148 000020 00   A  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 3<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .gnu.hash         GNU_HASH        08048168 000168 000030 04   A  4   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 4<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .dynsym           DYNSYM          08048198 000198 0000d0 10   A  5   1  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 5<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .dynstr           STRTAB          08048268 000268 000183 00   A  0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 6<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .gnu.version      VERSYM          080483ec 0003ec 00001a 02   A  4   0  2 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 7<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .gnu.version_r    VERNEED         08048408 000408 000060 00   A  5   2  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 8<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rel.dyn          REL             08048468 000468 000010 08   A  4   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 9<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rel.plt          REL             08048478 000478 000048 08   A  4  11  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>10<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .init             PROGBITS        080484c0 0004c0 000017 00  AX  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>11<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .plt              PROGBITS        080484d8 0004d8 0000a0 04  AX  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>12<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .text             PROGBITS        08048580 000580 000268 00  AX  0   0 16 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>13<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .fini             PROGBITS        080487e8 0007e8 00001c 00  AX  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>14<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rodata           PROGBITS        08048804 000804 00001a 00   A  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>15<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .eh_frame_hdr     PROGBITS        08048820 000820 000044 00   A  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>16<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .eh_frame         PROGBITS        08048864 000864 00010c 00   A  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>17<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .ctors            PROGBITS        08049970 000970 00000c 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>18<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .dtors            PROGBITS        0804997c 00097c 000008 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>19<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .jcr              PROGBITS        08049984 000984 000004 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>20<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .dynamic          DYNAMIC         08049988 000988 0000e0 08  WA  5   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>21<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .got              PROGBITS        08049a68 000a68 000004 04  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>22<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .got.plt          PROGBITS        08049a6c 000a6c 000030 04  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>23<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .data             PROGBITS        08049a9c 000a9c 000004 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>24<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .bss              NOBITS          08049aa0 000aa0 000098 00  WA  0   0  8 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>25<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .comment          PROGBITS        00000000 000aa0 000114 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>26<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 000bb4 0000e9 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>27<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 001128 000510 10     28  53  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>28<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 001638 0003f4 00      0   0  1 
Key to Flags: 
  W <span class="token punctuation">(</span>write<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, A <span class="token punctuation">(</span>alloc<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, X <span class="token punctuation">(</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, M <span class="token punctuation">(</span>merge<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, S <span class="token punctuation">(</span>strings<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  I <span class="token punctuation">(</span>info<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, L <span class="token punctuation">(</span>link order<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, G <span class="token punctuation">(</span>group<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, x <span class="token punctuation">(</span>unknown<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  O <span class="token punctuation">(</span>extra OS processing required<span class="token punctuation">)</span> o <span class="token punctuation">(</span>OS specific<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, p <span class="token punctuation">(</span>processor specific<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre>
<p>这里，main是可执行文件，不含调试信息。 </p>
<p> <strong>查看一个包含调试信息的可执行的elf文件的节信息：</strong> </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; readelf -S main.debug 
There are 37 section headers, starting at offset 0x88c8: 

Section Headers: 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Nr<span class="token punctuation">]</span> Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">]</span>                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 1<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .interp           PROGBITS        08048134 000134 000013 00   A  0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 2<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .note.ABI-tag     NOTE            08048148 000148 000020 00   A  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 3<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .gnu.hash         GNU_HASH        08048168 000168 000030 04   A  4   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 4<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .dynsym           DYNSYM          08048198 000198 0000d0 10   A  5   1  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 5<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .dynstr           STRTAB          08048268 000268 000183 00   A  0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 6<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .gnu.version      VERSYM          080483ec 0003ec 00001a 02   A  4   0  2 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 7<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .gnu.version_r    VERNEED         08048408 000408 000060 00   A  5   2  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 8<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rel.dyn          REL             08048468 000468 000010 08   A  4   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 9<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rel.plt          REL             08048478 000478 000048 08   A  4  11  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>10<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .init             PROGBITS        080484c0 0004c0 000017 00  AX  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>11<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .plt              PROGBITS        080484d8 0004d8 0000a0 04  AX  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>12<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .text             PROGBITS        08048580 000580 000268 00  AX  0   0 16 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>13<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .fini             PROGBITS        080487e8 0007e8 00001c 00  AX  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>14<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rodata           PROGBITS        08048804 000804 00001a 00   A  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>15<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .eh_frame_hdr     PROGBITS        08048820 000820 000044 00   A  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>16<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .eh_frame         PROGBITS        08048864 000864 00010c 00   A  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>17<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .ctors            PROGBITS        08049970 000970 00000c 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>18<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .dtors            PROGBITS        0804997c 00097c 000008 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>19<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .jcr              PROGBITS        08049984 000984 000004 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>20<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .dynamic          DYNAMIC         08049988 000988 0000e0 08  WA  5   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>21<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .got              PROGBITS        08049a68 000a68 000004 04  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>22<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .got.plt          PROGBITS        08049a6c 000a6c 000030 04  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>23<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .data             PROGBITS        08049a9c 000a9c 000004 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>24<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .bss              NOBITS          08049aa0 000aa0 000098 00  WA  0   0  8 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>25<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .comment          PROGBITS        00000000 000aa0 000114 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>26<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .debug_aranges    PROGBITS        00000000 000bb4 000020 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>27<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .debug_pubnames   PROGBITS        00000000 000bd4 000028 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>28<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .debug_info       PROGBITS        00000000 000bfc 0067aa 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>29<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .debug_abbrev     PROGBITS        00000000 0073a6 000726 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>30<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .debug_line       PROGBITS        00000000 007acc 0003e1 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>31<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .debug_frame      PROGBITS        00000000 007eb0 00009c 00      0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>32<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .debug_str        PROGBITS        00000000 007f4c 000735 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>33<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .debug_loc        PROGBITS        00000000 008681 0000f3 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>34<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 008774 000151 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>35<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 008e90 000590 10     36  61  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>36<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 009420 0003f4 00      0   0  1 
Key to Flags: 
  W <span class="token punctuation">(</span>write<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, A <span class="token punctuation">(</span>alloc<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, X <span class="token punctuation">(</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, M <span class="token punctuation">(</span>merge<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, S <span class="token punctuation">(</span>strings<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  I <span class="token punctuation">(</span>info<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, L <span class="token punctuation">(</span>link order<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, G <span class="token punctuation">(</span>group<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, x <span class="token punctuation">(</span>unknown<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  O <span class="token punctuation">(</span>extra OS processing required<span class="token punctuation">)</span> o <span class="token punctuation">(</span>OS specific<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, p <span class="token punctuation">(</span>processor specific<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre>
<p>可见，相对非调试版本的可执行文件，多了&quot;.debug*&quot;段的信息。 </p>
<p> <strong>查看一个目标文件的elf文件的节信息：</strong> </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; readelf -S myfile.o 
There are 15 section headers, starting at offset 0x204: 

Section Headers: 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Nr<span class="token punctuation">]</span> Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">]</span>                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 1<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .text             PROGBITS        00000000 000034 00009e 00  AX  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 2<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rel.text         REL             00000000 000744 000060 08     13   1  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 3<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .data             PROGBITS        00000000 0000d4 000000 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 4<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .bss              NOBITS          00000000 0000d4 000001 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 5<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .ctors            PROGBITS        00000000 0000d4 000004 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 6<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rel.ctors        REL             00000000 0007a4 000008 08     13   5  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 7<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rodata           PROGBITS        00000000 0000d8 000006 00   A  0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 8<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .eh_frame         PROGBITS        00000000 0000e0 00008c 00   A  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 9<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rel.eh_frame     REL             00000000 0007ac 000028 08     13   8  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>10<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .comment          PROGBITS        00000000 00016c 00002e 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>11<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .note.GNU-stack   PROGBITS        00000000 00019a 000000 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>12<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 00019a 00006a 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>13<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 00045c 000180 10     14  14  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>14<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 0005dc 000166 00      0   0  1 
Key to Flags: 
  W <span class="token punctuation">(</span>write<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, A <span class="token punctuation">(</span>alloc<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, X <span class="token punctuation">(</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, M <span class="token punctuation">(</span>merge<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, S <span class="token punctuation">(</span>strings<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  I <span class="token punctuation">(</span>info<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, L <span class="token punctuation">(</span>link order<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, G <span class="token punctuation">(</span>group<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, x <span class="token punctuation">(</span>unknown<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  O <span class="token punctuation">(</span>extra OS processing required<span class="token punctuation">)</span> o <span class="token punctuation">(</span>OS specific<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, p <span class="token punctuation">(</span>processor specific<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 


``<span class="token variable"><span class="token variable">`</span>shell

 **查看一个静态库文件的elf文件的节信息：** 

<span class="token variable">`</span></span>``shell
<span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; readelf -S libmy.a 
File: libmy.a<span class="token punctuation">(</span>myfile.o<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
There are 15 section headers, starting at offset 0x204: 

Section Headers: 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Nr<span class="token punctuation">]</span> Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">]</span>                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 1<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .text             PROGBITS        00000000 000034 00009e 00  AX  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 2<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rel.text         REL             00000000 000744 000060 08     13   1  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 3<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .data             PROGBITS        00000000 0000d4 000000 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 4<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .bss              NOBITS          00000000 0000d4 000001 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 5<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .ctors            PROGBITS        00000000 0000d4 000004 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 6<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rel.ctors        REL             00000000 0007a4 000008 08     13   5  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 7<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rodata           PROGBITS        00000000 0000d8 000006 00   A  0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 8<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .eh_frame         PROGBITS        00000000 0000e0 00008c 00   A  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 9<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rel.eh_frame     REL             00000000 0007ac 000028 08     13   8  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>10<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .comment          PROGBITS        00000000 00016c 00002e 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>11<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .note.GNU-stack   PROGBITS        00000000 00019a 000000 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>12<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 00019a 00006a 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>13<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 00045c 000180 10     14  14  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>14<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 0005dc 000166 00      0   0  1 
Key to Flags: 
  W <span class="token punctuation">(</span>write<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, A <span class="token punctuation">(</span>alloc<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, X <span class="token punctuation">(</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, M <span class="token punctuation">(</span>merge<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, S <span class="token punctuation">(</span>strings<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  I <span class="token punctuation">(</span>info<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, L <span class="token punctuation">(</span>link order<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, G <span class="token punctuation">(</span>group<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, x <span class="token punctuation">(</span>unknown<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  O <span class="token punctuation">(</span>extra OS processing required<span class="token punctuation">)</span> o <span class="token punctuation">(</span>OS specific<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, p <span class="token punctuation">(</span>processor specific<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre>
<p> <strong>查看一个动态库文件的elf文件的节信息：</strong> </p>
<pre><code class="language-shell"><span class="token punctuation">[</span>root@localhost test<span class="token punctuation">]</span>&#36; readelf -S libmy.so 
There are 27 section headers, starting at offset 0xad0: 

Section Headers: 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>Nr<span class="token punctuation">]</span> Name              Type            Addr     Off    Size   ES Flg Lk Inf Al 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 0<span class="token punctuation">]</span>                   NULL            00000000 000000 000000 00      0   0  0 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 1<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .gnu.hash         GNU_HASH        000000d4 0000d4 00003c 04   A  2   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 2<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .dynsym           DYNSYM          00000110 000110 000120 10   A  3   1  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 3<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .dynstr           STRTAB          00000230 000230 000199 00   A  0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 4<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .gnu.version      VERSYM          000003ca 0003ca 000024 02   A  2   0  2 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 5<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .gnu.version_r    VERNEED         000003f0 0003f0 000050 00   A  3   2  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 6<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rel.dyn          REL             00000440 000440 0000b0 08   A  2   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 7<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rel.plt          REL             000004f0 0004f0 000010 08   A  2   9  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 8<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .init             PROGBITS        00000500 000500 000017 00  AX  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span> 9<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .plt              PROGBITS        00000518 000518 000030 04  AX  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>10<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .text             PROGBITS        00000550 000550 0001c4 00  AX  0   0 16 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>11<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .fini             PROGBITS        00000714 000714 00001c 00  AX  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>12<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .rodata           PROGBITS        00000730 000730 000006 00   A  0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>13<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .eh_frame_hdr     PROGBITS        00000738 000738 00002c 00   A  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>14<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .eh_frame         PROGBITS        00000764 000764 000090 00   A  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>15<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .ctors            PROGBITS        000017f4 0007f4 00000c 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>16<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .dtors            PROGBITS        00001800 000800 000008 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>17<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .jcr              PROGBITS        00001808 000808 000004 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>18<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .data.rel.ro      PROGBITS        0000180c 00080c 000004 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>19<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .dynamic          DYNAMIC         00001810 000810 0000e0 08  WA  3   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>20<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .got              PROGBITS        000018f0 0008f0 00000c 04  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>21<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .got.plt          PROGBITS        000018fc 0008fc 000014 04  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>22<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .bss              NOBITS          00001910 000910 00000c 00  WA  0   0  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>23<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .comment          PROGBITS        00000000 000910 0000e6 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>24<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .shstrtab         STRTAB          00000000 0009f6 0000da 00      0   0  1 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>25<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .symtab           SYMTAB          00000000 000f08 000410 10     26  48  4 
  <span class="token punctuation">[</span>26<span class="token punctuation">]</span> .strtab           STRTAB          00000000 001318 000333 00      0   0  1 
Key to Flags: 
  W <span class="token punctuation">(</span>write<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, A <span class="token punctuation">(</span>alloc<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, X <span class="token punctuation">(</span>execute<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, M <span class="token punctuation">(</span>merge<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, S <span class="token punctuation">(</span>strings<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  I <span class="token punctuation">(</span>info<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, L <span class="token punctuation">(</span>link order<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, G <span class="token punctuation">(</span>group<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, x <span class="token punctuation">(</span>unknown<span class="token punctuation">)</span> 
  O <span class="token punctuation">(</span>extra OS processing required<span class="token punctuation">)</span> o <span class="token punctuation">(</span>OS specific<span class="token punctuation">)</span>, p <span class="token punctuation">(</span>processor specific<span class="token punctuation">)</span> </code></pre>
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